{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "name": "Kilowatts UK", "legalName": "Vangarda Build Limited", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/kw-logo-large.png", "width": 1024, "height": 1024 }, "description": "kilowatts.uk is the UK's renewable energy marketplace — connecting homeowners and businesses with MCS-certified solar, heat pump, battery storage, wind power, and EV charging installers, with free comparison tools and independent guides.", "contactPoint": [ { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+448000096058", "contactType": "customer service", "contactOption": "TollFree", "areaServed": "GB", "availableLanguage": "English" }, { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+447378472152", "contactType": "mobile", "areaServed": "GB", "availableLanguage": "English" } ], "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/kilowatts.uk", "https://www.instagram.com/kilowatts.uk", "https://www.tiktok.com/@kilowatts.uk", "https://www.youtube.com/@kilowattsuk", "https://twitter.com/kilowattsuk" ], "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "Carey, Northwood Rd", "addressLocality": "Broadstairs", "addressRegion": "Kent", "postalCode": "CT10 2RZ", "addressCountry": "GB" }, "hasPart": [ { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization/local" }, { "@type": "WebApplication", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#solar-residential-app", "name": "Residential Solar Panel Comparison Tool", "description": "Compare residential solar panel systems and estimate savings for UK homes.", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/services/residential/renewable-energy/residential-solar-panel-installation/compare/", "applicationCategory": "Utility", "operatingSystem": "All" }, { "@type": "WebApplication", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#solar-commercial-app", "name": "Commercial Solar Comparison Tool", "description": "Compare commercial solar installations and estimate business energy savings.", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/services/commercial/renewable-energy/commercial-solar-panel-installation/compare/", "applicationCategory": "BusinessApplication", "operatingSystem": "All" }, { "@type": "WebApplication", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#solar-industrial-app", "name": "Industrial Solar Comparison Tool", "description": "Compare industrial-scale solar systems and project energy output.", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/services/industrial/renewable-energy/industrial-solar-panel-installation/compare/", "applicationCategory": "BusinessApplication", "operatingSystem": "All" }, { "@type": "WebApplication", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#wind-tool", "name": "Flower Turbines quote tool", "description": "Discover Flower Turbines performance and pricing with our interactive quote tool. View generation, savings, and environmental benefits instantly.", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/services/wind-power/flower-turbines/", "applicationCategory": "Utility", "operatingSystem": "All" } ] }, { "@type": "LocalBusiness", "parentOrganization": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization/local", "name": "Kilowatts UK", "description": "kilowatts.uk is the UK's renewable energy marketplace — connecting homeowners and businesses with MCS-certified solar, heat pump, battery storage, wind power, and EV charging installers, with free comparison tools and independent guides.", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk", "image": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/kw-logo-large.png", "priceRange": "££", "telephone": "+447378472152", "legalName": "Vangarda Build Limited", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "Carey, Northwood Rd", "addressLocality": "Broadstairs", "addressRegion": "Kent", "postalCode": "CT10 2RZ", "addressCountry": "GB" }, "geo": { "@type": "GeoCoordinates", "latitude": 51.3588923, "longitude": 1.4062795 }, "openingHoursSpecification": [ { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "09:00", "closes": "17:00" } ], "areaServed": { "@type": "Country", "name": "United Kingdom" } }, { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk", "name": "Kilowatts UK", "description": "kilowatts.uk is the UK's renewable energy marketplace — connecting homeowners and businesses with MCS-certified solar, heat pump, battery storage, wind power, and EV charging installers, with free comparison tools and independent guides.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": { "@type": "EntryPoint", "urlTemplate": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/{search_term_string}/" }, "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" }, "about": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/about-us/#webpage" } }, { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "name": "Breadcrumb", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage-breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Resources", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#faq", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#faq", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": [ { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#content" } ], "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Can underwater solar panels power a UK home?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "No, not on the evidence from this study. The reported underwater prototype output was tiny compared with normal household electricity use. For homes, rooftop or ground-mounted solar panels remain the relevant technology to assess." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What did the underwater perovskite solar study actually prove?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "It showed that a specially designed perovskite solar cell could generate useful prototype output under a simulated 10-metre underwater light spectrum and in a short real-sea test. It did not prove that underwater solar panels are commercially ready or suitable for domestic energy supply. Long-term durability, fouling, sealing and environmental safety still need to be demonstrated." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why is 10 metres underwater a significant test depth?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "At 10 metres, much of the red and infrared light has already been filtered out by the water. The remaining light is more blue-green, so the solar cell needs to be matched to that different spectrum. This makes the result technically interesting, but it is not directly comparable with standard rooftop solar panel ratings." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Could underwater solar be useful in UK waters?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Possibly, but it would be very site-specific. UK coastal and harbour waters can be cloudy, silty, fouled by marine growth and affected by lower winter sunlight. Any real UK deployment would need local testing across seasons rather than relying on a short trial in clearer water elsewhere." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What could a small underwater solar system realistically power?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The most plausible uses are low-power marine devices such as sensors, data loggers, LED indicators, communications nodes or battery top-ups. These systems may only need small amounts of energy if they sleep most of the time. It is not evidence that underwater solar can power propulsion, homes or high-demand equipment." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Are perovskite underwater solar cells environmentally safe?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The study used lead halide perovskite materials, so environmental containment is a major issue. Any future marine product would need robust sealing, damage protection, recovery procedures and end-of-life handling. A working cell is not enough on its own for safe deployment in seawater." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the main barriers to commercial underwater solar panels?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The main challenges include water ingress, corrosion, marine growth on the transparent surface, mechanical damage and maintenance access. The power electronics, cabling, connectors and mounting also need to survive a harsh marine environment. In many cases, the cost and effort of inspection or cleaning could outweigh the value of the energy produced." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Should UK homeowners wait for underwater solar instead of installing rooftop panels?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "No. Underwater solar is a research area aimed mainly at specialist marine equipment, not domestic electricity generation. Homeowners interested in solar should look at proven rooftop or ground-mounted PV systems, site suitability, expected generation and installer credentials." } } ], "about": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#content" } }, { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/", "encoding": [ { "@type": "MediaObject", "encodingFormat": "text/markdown", "contentUrl": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts.md" }, { "@type": "MediaObject", "encodingFormat": "application/ld+json", "contentUrl": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts.schema" } ], "name": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "headline": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "description": "Underwater solar panels can work when enough sunlight reaches them. A recent perovskite solar cell study shows useful prototype output at 10 metres depth.", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "primaryImageOfPage": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/760/1600.webp", "width": 960, "height": 540 }, "breadcrumb": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage-breadcrumb" }, "datePublished": "2026-09-18T21:24:32+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-06-23T08:37:10+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ] }, "mainEntity": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#content" }, "relatedLink": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/" ], "significantLink": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/" ], "hasPart": [ { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#related-articles" } ] }, { "@type": "ItemList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#related-articles", "name": "Related articles", "itemListOrder": "https://schema.org/ItemListOrderUnordered", "numberOfItems": 4, "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage" }, "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Why Heat Reduces Your Solar Panels' Output in the UK", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "item": { "@type": "BlogPosting", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/#content", "name": "Why Heat Reduces Your Solar Panels' Output in the UK", "headline": "{_%entityLangFile->meta_title%_}", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/#webpage", "name": "Why Heat Reduces Your Solar Panels' Output in the UK", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "description": "Solar panels want light, not heat. Here's why rising cell temperature cuts voltage and output, and why a cold bright British morning can beat a hot afternoon.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Blog", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Why Heat Reduces Your Solar Panels' Output in the UK", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/blog/why-heat-reduces-solar-panel-output/" } ] }, "datePublished": "2026-09-07T12:48:09+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-09-07T12:48:09+00:00" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "description": "Solar panels want light, not heat. Here's why rising cell temperature cuts voltage and output, and why a cold bright British morning can beat a hot afternoon.", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ], "jobTitle": "Founder & Renewable Energy Author", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/authors/david-coleman.webp", "width": 400, "height": 400 }, "description": "David Coleman is the founder of kilowatts.uk, a UK-based renewable energy platform. He specialises in solar panels, battery storage, heat pumps, and energy policy, drawing on real installation data and direct industry experience." }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/710/960.webp", "width": 960, "height": 540 }, "datePublished": "2026-09-07T12:48:09+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-09-07T12:48:09+00:00" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Solar Panel Battery Costs in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "item": { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/#content", "name": "Solar Panel Battery Costs in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide", "headline": "{_%entityLangFile->meta_title%_}", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/#webpage", "name": "Solar Panel Battery Costs in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "description": "The final price depends mainly on usable capacity, inverter type, whether it is installed with new solar panels or retrofitted, electrical work.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Resources", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Solar Panel Battery Costs in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/solar-panel-battery-costs-in-the-uk-a-comprehensive-guide/" } ] }, "datePublished": "2026-07-18T15:34:21+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-18T15:34:21+00:00" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "description": "The final price depends mainly on usable capacity, inverter type, whether it is installed with new solar panels or retrofitted, electrical work.", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ], "jobTitle": "Founder & Renewable Energy Author", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/authors/david-coleman.webp", "width": 400, "height": 400 }, "description": "David Coleman is the founder of kilowatts.uk, a UK-based renewable energy platform. He specialises in solar panels, battery storage, heat pumps, and energy policy, drawing on real installation data and direct industry experience." }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/446/960.webp", "width": 960, "height": 540 }, "datePublished": "2026-07-18T15:34:21+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-18T15:34:21+00:00" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Compare solar ayrshire?", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "item": { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/#content", "name": "Compare solar ayrshire?", "headline": "{_%entityLangFile->meta_title%_}", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/#webpage", "name": "Compare solar ayrshire?", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "description": "A well-sited Ayrshire solar PV system can work effectively, but output, cost, and payback depend heavily on roof direction, shading, electricity use.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Resources", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Compare solar ayrshire?", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/compare-solar-ayrshire/" } ] }, "datePublished": "2026-07-19T18:38:07+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-19T18:38:07+00:00" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "description": "A well-sited Ayrshire solar PV system can work effectively, but output, cost, and payback depend heavily on roof direction, shading, electricity use.", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ], "jobTitle": "Founder & Renewable Energy Author", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/authors/david-coleman.webp", "width": 400, "height": 400 }, "description": "David Coleman is the founder of kilowatts.uk, a UK-based renewable energy platform. He specialises in solar panels, battery storage, heat pumps, and energy policy, drawing on real installation data and direct industry experience." }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/503/960.webp", "width": 960, "height": 640 }, "datePublished": "2026-07-19T18:38:07+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-19T18:38:07+00:00" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "How Solar Panels Generate Electricity in Cold Weather", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/", "item": { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/#content", "name": "How Solar Panels Generate Electricity in Cold Weather", "headline": "{_%entityLangFile->meta_title%_}", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/#webpage", "name": "How Solar Panels Generate Electricity in Cold Weather", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/", "description": "Discover how solar panels work in winter, their benefits, and whether they're a good investment for your UK home.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Resources", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "How Solar Panels Generate Electricity in Cold Weather", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/winter-wonder-solar-panels-cold-weather/" } ] }, "datePublished": "2026-07-25T16:09:42+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-25T16:09:42+00:00" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "description": "Discover how solar panels work in winter, their benefits, and whether they're a good investment for your UK home.", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ], "jobTitle": "Founder & Renewable Energy Author", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/images/authors/david-coleman.webp", "width": 400, "height": 400 }, "description": "David Coleman is the founder of kilowatts.uk, a UK-based renewable energy platform. He specialises in solar panels, battery storage, heat pumps, and energy policy, drawing on real installation data and direct industry experience." }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/523/960.webp", "width": 960, "height": 960 }, "datePublished": "2026-07-25T16:09:42+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-07-25T16:09:42+00:00" } } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "jobTitle": "Founder & Renewable Energy Author, kilowatts.uk", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "image": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/261/960.webp", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ] }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#content", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#webpage", "name": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/", "description": "Underwater solar panels can work when enough sunlight reaches them. A recent perovskite solar cell study shows useful prototype output at 10 metres depth.", "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Resources", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/", "item": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/" } ] }, "datePublished": "2026-09-18T21:24:32+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-09-18T14:26:00+00:00" }, "inLanguage": "en-GB", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/#website" }, "headline": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "name": "Kilowatts UK: Underwater Solar Energy", "description": "Underwater solar panels can work when enough sunlight reaches them. A recent perovskite solar cell study shows useful prototype output at 10 metres depth.", "articleSection": "Resources", "publisher": { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk#organization" }, "about": [ { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/home-battery/#entity", "name": "Home Battery" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/solar-storage/#entity", "name": "Solar Storage" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/renewable-energy-uk/#entity", "name": "Renewable Energy Uk" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/solar-panels-uk/#entity", "name": "Solar Panels Uk" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/battery-storage/#entity", "name": "Battery Storage" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/uk-solar-grants/#entity", "name": "Uk Solar Grants" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/panel-efficiency/#entity", "name": "Panel Efficiency" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/inverter-sizing/#entity", "name": "Inverter Sizing" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/export-tariff/#entity", "name": "Export Tariff" }, { "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/tags/installation-cost/#entity", "name": "Installation Cost" } ], "keywords": "home-battery, solar-storage, renewable-energy-uk, solar-panels-uk, battery-storage, uk-solar-grants, panel-efficiency, inverter-sizing, export-tariff, installation-cost", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/uploads_resolved/images/760/960.webp", "width": 960, "height": 540 }, "potentialAction": { "@type": "ReadAction", "target": "https://kilowatts.uk/resources/create-an-original-kilowatts/" }, "datePublished": "2026-09-18T21:24:32+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-09-18T14:26:00+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/#person", "name": "David Coleman", "url": "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "sameAs": [ "https://kilowatts.uk/authors/david-coleman/", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-martyn-coleman/" ] } } ] }