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                        "text": "Peak shaving is a controlled discharge of on-site storage so that power imported from the grid stays under a set threshold during the highest-demand periods. It targets the peak, in kilowatts and often in kilovolt-amperes, rather than energy stored for its own sake. It only changes a bill if the site is settled on half-hourly data, the contract prices that demand or capacity, and the battery can cover both the height and the length of the excess. If the battery is empty, limited by temperature, or offline, import rises again. A battery in front of the meter does not reduce that site's own import."
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                        "text": "The kilowatts required depend on how far the peak sits above the chosen cap. The kilowatt-hours required depend on how long that excess lasts, plus conversion losses and any reserve you will not spend. Matching the inverter nameplate to the height of a spike is not enough, because state of charge, temperature, warranty limits, and other site loads decide whether the cap still holds. Agreed import capacity is often a network limit in kVA, so a poor power factor can leave that charge barely changed after the kilowatt peak has been cut. There is no safe national figure for installed cost, annual saving, or payback."
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                        "text": "Peak shaving is not the same as moving a block of use between periods, charging when electricity is cheap and discharging when it is dear, or holding energy for an outage. One battery can be set up for more than one of these, but each duty needs its own energy reserve and its own control rule. Energy kept back so the site peak can be covered cannot be assumed free for another service at the same time. If the strategy is not written down, the battery may charge through the peak it was bought to cut, or arrive at that peak already empty."
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                        "text": "Rooftop solar lowers daytime import while it is generating. It does not cap a winter morning peak, an evening process run, or a cloudy-day spike unless something else covers that interval. Array yield and peak height should be sized as two separate studies. Where both are proposed, the control order has to be written down so that charging from solar, or an export limit, does not cancel the import cap. A battery that can export is normally taken through the distribution network operator's generation connection process, and a domestic threshold should not be assumed."
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